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Additionally, bladder examination using cystoscopy was performed with the Valsalva maneuver. The degree of POP was staged according to the POP-Q system. To measure the postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), every patient underwent preoperative free uroflowmetry and ultrasound after voiding. The preoperative office examination was performed by the same physician in all cases (HA). Sociodemographic, anthropometric measures, clinical data, gynecological and obstetrical history were collected in all subjects. After Institutional Review Board approval, we reviewed a series of consecutive women who also had an available preoperative assessment. All women were scheduled for laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy while under general anesthesia. This study evaluated 49 POP patients with high-grade cystocele (≥ POP-Q stage III) who underwent a preoperative office examination at our institute between 20. Subsequently, we then evaluated this new classification and its association with objective and subjective symptoms. The primary objective of the current study was to develop a new clinical classification based upon both the position and the number of bladder hernia orifices of cystocele that were determined via the use of cystoscopy. This current study attempted to further clarify the impact of anatomical changes on bladders with cystocele and the subsequent changes in the lower urinary tract function. Moreover, the different bladder compartments have rarely been closely inspected for lower urinary tract dysfunction in the POP patient. Moreover, there have yet to be any definitive studies that have examined the correlation between POP and lower urinary tract dysfunction, especially with regard to the anatomical changes of cystocele. However, the mechanism of lower urinary tract dysfunction due to cystocele has yet to be fully understood. High-grade cystocele is generally associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction, such as voiding dysfunction (VD) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Moreover, cystocele is the most commonly seen among all of the conditions associated with POP. Thus, POP needs to be considered as one of the more significant medical issues in our society. Women have an 11% lifetime risk of surgery for urinary incontinence or POP. The prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is increasing among aging women and thus, is likely to become a common condition worldwide. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.
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